{"id":2338,"date":"2018-06-20T09:49:02","date_gmt":"2018-06-20T07:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/hatha-joga-povod\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T13:53:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T12:53:08","slug":"hatha-joga-povod","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/hatha-joga-povod\/","title":{"rendered":"Hatha joga - p\u00f4vod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

„Joga je star\u00e1 tis\u00edce rokov“ …. Je to naozaj pravda?<\/p>\n\n

Stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead troch hlavn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch spisov, na ktor\u00e9 sa praktizuj\u00faci jogy odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa: Bhagavadg\u00edta, Pata\u0148d\u017eal\u00edho Joga s\u00fatry a Hathajogapradipika<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Bhagavadg\u00edta<\/h2>\n\n

3000 rokov pred Kristom vznikli v\u00e9dy a Bhagavadg\u00edta<\/a>. Obsahuje tri ve\u013ek\u00e9 cesty jogy: d\u017en\u00e1najogu<\/strong>, bhaktijogu<\/strong> a karmajogu<\/strong>. V preklade to znamen\u00e1 joga realiz\u00e1cie, oddanosti a nezi\u0161tnej slu\u017eby druh\u00fdm. <\/p>\n\n

V kontexte vojny medzi dvoma kme\u0148mi je to Kri\u0161novo u\u010denie Ard\u017eunovi. Nejde v\u0161ak o pozemsk\u00fd boj, ale o uvedomenie si du\u0161evn\u00fdch a duchovn\u00fdch z\u00e1konov, ktor\u00e9 Arjuna dost\u00e1va v u\u010den\u00ed. Nie je tu \u017eiadna zmienka o hatha joge. <\/p>\n\n

Pata\u0148d\u017eal\u00edho jogov\u00e9 s\u00fatry<\/h2>\n\n

Pata\u0148d\u017eal\u00edho jogov\u00e9 s\u00fatry s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed 200 rokov pred alebo 200 rokov po Kristovi, tie\u017e ako s\u00fahrn m\u00fadrosti, ktor\u00e1 sa predt\u00fdm odovzd\u00e1vala \u00fastne.<\/p>\n\n

„Sutra“ znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1znam podobn\u00fd pozn\u00e1mke a pozn\u00e1mky v zmysle kr\u00e1tkej mnemotechniky. Vzh\u013eadom na ve\u013emi stru\u010dn\u00e9 znenie ich interpretovali renomovan\u00ed autori, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd prirodzene priniesol in\u00fd poh\u013ead. Napriek tomu mnoh\u00e9 jogov\u00e9 s\u00fatry mnoh\u00ed praktizuj\u00faci naprie\u010d \u0161t\u00fdlmi pova\u017euj\u00fa za z\u00e1sadn\u00fd z\u00e1klad, preto\u017ee ako prv\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa r\u00e1d\u017ea jogu, <\/strong>kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa cestu jogy. Je to \u0161tvrt\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 cesta k trom cest\u00e1m Bhagavadg\u00edty a je zn\u00e1ma aj ako<\/strong> osemstup\u0148ov\u00e1 cesta<\/strong>, a\u0161tangayoga<\/strong>. R\u00e1d by som sa jej venoval podrobnej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t sa hathajoga spom\u00edna ako samostatn\u00e1 oblas\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

T\u00fdchto 8 f\u00e1z je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fdch na nasleduj\u00facom obr\u00e1zku. Mali by sa cvi\u010di\u0165 jedna po druhej, tak\u017ee m\u00e1 zmysel postupova\u0165 a\u017e po zdokonalen\u00ed dan\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1dia. 3. \u0161t\u00e1dium je prv\u00e9, ke\u010f sa \u00e1sana objav\u00ed, spo\u010diatku len ako poz\u00edcia v sede. <\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Jamy<\/strong> s\u00fa „zdr\u017eanlivosti“, ktor\u00e9 upravuj\u00fa n\u00e1\u0161 vz\u0165ah k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu: Neubli\u017eovanie, pravdovravnos\u0165, nekradnutie, brahma\u010darja = sexu\u00e1lna zdr\u017eanlivos\u0165, neprij\u00edmanie darov.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Nij\u00e1ma<\/strong> s\u00fa osobn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 spr\u00e1vania alebo discipl\u00edny: \u010distota, spokojnos\u0165, ask\u00e9za, samo\u0161t\u00fadium, uctievanie bo\u017estva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Tret\u00edm stup\u0148om s\u00fa \u00e1sany,<\/strong> nehybn\u00e9 poz\u00edcie v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1me ako hathajoga. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou poz\u00edciou je poz\u00edcia v sede, lotosov\u00e1 poz\u00edcia, ktor\u00e1 je potrebn\u00e1 aj pre \u010fal\u0161ie praktiky, ako je pr\u00e1naj\u00e1ma a medit\u00e1cia. Tie tu v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa podrobne op\u00edsan\u00e9 a nie s\u00fa tu ani \u017eiadne n\u00e1kresy poz\u00edci\u00ed. V Pata\u0148d\u017eal\u00edho s\u00fatr\u00e1ch s\u00fa len dve alebo tri vety, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa fyzick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed, a to v\u00fdlu\u010dne poz\u00edcie v sede,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei ako z\u00e1klad pre dychov\u00e9 cvi\u010denia pr\u00e1naj\u00e1my a pre koncentr\u00e1ciu a medit\u00e1ciu: Prv\u00e1 veta znie: Sthira-sukham asanam<\/em>. Znamen\u00e1 to:„Poloha v sede je to, \u010do je pevn\u00e9 a pohodln\u00e9<\/strong>.“ Potom: Tato dvamdvanabhighatah<\/em>.„Akon\u00e1hle sa dosiahne poz\u00edcia sedenia, dvojtv\u00e1rnos\u0165 u\u017e neprek\u00e1\u017ea<\/strong>.“ <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Potom nasleduje pr\u00e1naj\u00e1ma<\/strong>, riaden\u00e9 d\u00fdchacie cvi\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 boli pre jog\u00edna ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a pomocou ktor\u00fdch sa dok\u00e1zal prenies\u0165 do zmenen\u00fdch stavov vedomia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Pratyahara<\/strong> znamen\u00e1 stiahnutie zmyslov. Zmyslov\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, napr\u00edklad v oblasti tv\u00e1re s viden\u00edm, po\u010d\u00favan\u00edm, \u010duchom a chu\u0165ou, sa pova\u017euje za br\u00e1nu do sveta, ktor\u00e1 pod\u013ea jogovej filozofie sp\u00f4sobuje prip\u00fatanos\u0165 k svetu. Preto by sa mali stiahnu\u0165. Obr\u00e1zok ukazuje pr\u00edklad cvi\u010denia, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je zastavi\u0165 zmysly v ich vytekaj\u00facej \u010dinnosti. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Dharana <\/strong>= koncentr\u00e1cia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Dhyana <\/strong>= sprostredkovanie, kontempl\u00e1cia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Sam\u00e1dhi<\/strong> = nadvedomie, osvietenie<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Kombinovan\u00e9 a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie posledn\u00fdch troch stup\u0148ov sa naz\u00fdva samj\u00e1ma a spolu s pr\u00e1thj\u00e1h\u00e1rou predstavuje vn\u00fatorn\u00fa cestu, zatia\u013e \u010do prv\u00e9 stupne maj\u00fa za cie\u013e vytvori\u0165 pre \u0148u vonkaj\u0161ie podmienky.<\/p>\n\n

    R\u00e1d\u017eajoga<\/strong> je zameran\u00e1 na tr\u00e9ning charakteru a je \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e1 ako rebr\u00edk, ktor\u00fd vedie zdola nahor po \u00f4smich stup\u0148och k najvy\u0161\u0161ej dokonalosti a k cie\u013eu „splynutia s bo\u017estvom“, sam\u00e1dhi, osvieteniu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd stupe\u0148 by mal najprv dozrie\u0165 k dokonalosti, k\u00fdm sa vyst\u00fapi na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

    Hathajogapradipika<\/h2>\n\n

    Hathajogapradipika <\/strong>, ktor\u00fa zo sanskritu prelo\u017eil Svatmarama<\/span>, vy\u0161la okolo roku 1500.<\/p>\n\n

    Kniha sa \u010d\u00edta pomerne \u013eahko a je zrozumite\u013en\u00e1. Rad\u017eajoga je tu op\u00edsan\u00e1 ove\u013ea podrobnej\u0161ie a teraz sa pre n\u00e1s st\u00e1va zauj\u00edmavou, preto\u017ee niektor\u00e9 pojmy a sp\u00f4soby p\u00f4sobenia s\u00favisiace s cvi\u010den\u00edm \u00e1san s\u00fa vysvetlen\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne: <\/p>\n\n

    Napr\u00edklad je vymenovan\u00fdch a op\u00edsan\u00fdch 7 \u010dakier <\/strong>, n\u00e1dy<\/strong> (jemn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly: su\u0161umna, ida, pingala), potom kundalin\u00ed <\/strong>a sp\u00f4sob p\u00f4sobenia pr\u00e1ny. Nasleduj\u00fa techniky pr\u00e1naj\u00e1my <\/strong>s tzv. bandhami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre jog\u00ednov ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 na usmer\u0148ovanie a zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie pr\u00e1nickej energie<\/strong>. Podrobne s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 aj o\u010distn\u00e9 cvi\u010denia<\/strong>, ako aj z\u00e1sady stravovania<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

    Kapitola„Pravidl\u00e1 \u00e1san<\/strong>“ sa za\u010d\u00edna uctievan\u00edm boha \u0160ivu, prostredn\u00edctvom ktor\u00e9ho bolo hl\u00e1san\u00e9 u\u010denie hathajogy. Nasleduje dlh\u00fd zoznam v\u0161etk\u00fdch jog\u00ednov osvieten\u00fdch hathaj\u00f3gou a opis podmienok v bunke, v ktorej m\u00e1 jog\u00edn cvi\u010di\u0165. <\/p>\n\n

    Mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1vate zn\u00e1me jogov\u00e9 cvi\u010denia z dne\u0161n\u00fdch hod\u00edn jogy, ale klasick\u00e9 jogov\u00e9 cvi\u010denia s\u00fa trochu odli\u0161n\u00e9 od t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sa praktizuj\u00fa dnes a na Z\u00e1pade.<\/p>\n\n

    Najprv s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 poz\u00edcie v sede, ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013ea: Svastika, Gomukha, Virasana, Kurmasana. Poz\u00edcie v sede boli pre vtedaj\u0161ieho jog\u00edna ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee ich potreboval ako z\u00e1klad pre medit\u00e1ciu a pr\u00e1naj\u00e1mu. <\/p>\n\n

    Potom Kukkutasana, Uttanakurmasana a Dhanurasana (nie luk, ktor\u00fd pozn\u00e1me dnes) a Matsyanathasana (= kr\u00fatiaca poz\u00edcia)<\/p>\n\n

    Budem podrobnej\u0161ie citova\u0165 Pascimatana <\/strong>(= poz\u00edcia s hlavou na kolen\u00e1ch), aby si ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto m\u00e1 z\u00e1ujem, mohol urobi\u0165 predstavu o tom, ako tieto opisy vyzeraj\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n

    „28. Ak \u010dlovek natiahne nohy ako palice na zem, rukami uchop\u00ed dva konce chodidiel a \u010delo si polo\u017e\u00ed na kolen\u00e1 (v tejto polohe), naz\u00fdva sa to Pascimatana.“<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    “ 29 T\u00e1to Pascimatana, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1 medzi \u00e1sanami, sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee dych prech\u00e1dza cez Pascimu, podporuje tr\u00e1venie a vytv\u00e1ra \u0161t\u00edhlos\u0165 brucha a zdravie \u013eud\u00ed.“<\/em><\/p>\n\n

    Po nej nasleduje Majur\u00e1sana (= druh „ryby“) a Savasana, relaxa\u010dn\u00e1 poz\u00edcia, potom Siddh\u00e1sana, Padmasana, Simh\u00e1sana a Bhandrasana.<\/p>\n\n

    <\/a>Je joga star\u00e1 u\u017e tis\u00edce rokov?<\/h2>\n\n

    To mo\u017eno potvrdi\u0165, ak sa zamysl\u00edme nad jeho filozofiou duchovn\u00fdch jogov\u00fdch ciest. Ak ho v\u0161ak vn\u00edmame \u010disto z h\u013eadiska praxe fyzick\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed, ako je to dnes be\u017en\u00e9, nie je to tak. <\/p>\n\n

    V stredoveku Svatmarama v Pradipike hatha jogy op\u00edsal len vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 \u00e1sany. V tom \u010dase ich praktizovali len jednotlivci a v kontexte filozofie ako cestu duchovn\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania a neboli nijako roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 medzi obyvate\u013estvom<\/strong>. Existuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 zdroje jogy, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa korene v hinduizme a budhizme. Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa menej zn\u00e1me, s\u00fa aj menej uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 \u0161irokou verejnos\u0165ou. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

    Dnes je hatha joga spolo\u010densky prijate\u013en\u00e1 a roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 na V\u00fdchode aj na Z\u00e1pade a mo\u017eno ju vidie\u0165 v mnoh\u00fdch r\u00f4znych podob\u00e1ch. Tento v\u00fdvoj sa v\u0161ak za\u010dal v Indii a\u017e okolo roku 1900, ako uvid\u00edme v nasleduj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

    Indick\u00fd stav mysle<\/span><\/h2>\n\n

    Dnes sa na t\u00fato starod\u00e1vnu m\u00fadros\u0165 pozer\u00e1me s na\u0161\u00edm s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm vedom\u00edm a z\u00e1padn\u00fdm ch\u00e1pan\u00edm. Ako im v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme skuto\u010dne porozumie\u0165? Ako m\u00f4\u017eeme pochopi\u0165 indick\u00fd stav mysle a z neho vyvinut\u00fa filozofiu, ktor\u00e1 je tak \u00faplne odli\u0161n\u00e1 od toho, \u010do si dok\u00e1\u017eeme predstavi\u0165? <\/span><\/p>\n\n

    Napr\u00edklad pre indick\u00e9 vedomie je \u017eivot po smrti prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou existencie. A\u017e do takej miery, \u017ee sa mu pripisovala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 ako s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9mu, hmatate\u013en\u00e9mu hmotn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. Dalo by sa to vyjadri\u0165 aj takto: Nie pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd \u017eivot treba ve\u013ea vzia\u0165 pre seba, ale pre posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot treba ve\u013ea darova\u0165<\/strong>… K tomuto komplexu ot\u00e1zok sa podrobne dostaneme v na\u0161om \u010dasopise\/blogu <\/span><\/p>\n\n

    Ve\u013emi odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fa knihu o tis\u00edcro\u010dnej hist\u00f3rii jogy s r\u00f4znymi pr\u00fadmi budhizmu, v\u00e9d\u00e1ntskej a samkhjovej filozofie, tantry a \u010dakrov\u00fdch u\u010den\u00ed a o konfront\u00e1cii v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho a z\u00e1padn\u00e9ho sp\u00f4sobu myslenia nap\u00edsala Helmtrud Wielandov\u00e1, \u017eia\u010dka Borisa Sacharova, a nazvala ju: Spektrum jogy<\/a><\/p>\n\n

    \u010eal\u0161ou ve\u013emi odpor\u00fa\u010danou knihou na pochopenie obsahu Bhagavadg\u00edty je kniha Erkenntnisgrundlagen zur Bhagavad Gita<\/a> od Heinza Grilla.<\/p>\n\n

    Pokra\u010dova\u0165 na str\u00e1nku: <\/a><\/strong>Priekopn\u00edci modernej jogy v Indii<\/p>\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    „Joga je star\u00e1 tis\u00edce rokov“ …. Je to naozaj pravda? Stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead troch hlavn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch spisov, na ktor\u00e9 sa praktizuj\u00faci jogy odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa: Bhagavadg\u00edta, Pata\u0148d\u017eal\u00edho Joga s\u00fatry a Hathajogapradipika Bhagavadg\u00edta 3000 rokov pred Kristom vznikli v\u00e9dy a Bhagavadg\u00edta. Obsahuje tri ve\u013ek\u00e9 cesty jogy: d\u017en\u00e1najogu, bhaktijogu a karmajogu. V preklade to znamen\u00e1 joga realiz\u00e1cie, oddanosti a nezi\u0161tnej … <\/p>\n

    Pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed „Hatha joga - p\u00f4vod“<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2338","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2338"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3029,"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338\/revisions\/3029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yoga-stile-im-vergleich.de\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}